Will nanobombs be at the Olypmic Games in Sydney as bioweapon deterents? If they are simply soybean oil; detergent and tributylphosphate; if they are nonspecific and do not activate resistance mechanisms; if they are broad spectrum and can work with a variety of oils then, why not a new disinfectant or, at least, research by all of the world's health ministries?

'Global Citizens'

Comment:

It seems logical to pursue research into the disinfection of bioweapons (1,6) as, in these times, bioweapons represent a means of destroying humanity without destruction of the enemy's infrastructure and, if contagious in nature, a bioweapon could be brought back to the US from a war zone and passed on to generations. This long-term effect would keep a lasting feeling of victory amongst those in power of Iraq, for example - Saddam Hussein secretly relishing the deaths and misery of US soldiers with Gulf War Syndrome possibly linked to genetically-engineered, Mycoplasma infections (5).

I could not verify the allegation that George Bush and others invested in bioweapons sold to Iraq (5) but, if he did, then the work cited below ie new research on the effectiveness of "emulsions" against Anthrax, Ebola and 'any pathogen with a protein/membrane association' (2,3,4) for example, should be verified independently. The contention that Bush was cozy with Saddam Hussein was recently echoed in an article by Sherman Skolnick:

"Others of the more than 300 documents, relate to a situation started in the 1970s, when the Elder Bush arranged to overthrow the Iraqi government by political assassination. Bush helped install Saddam Hussein. Others of those and other documents relate to the decade, 1980 to 1990, when the Elder Bush was a secret private business partner of Saddam Hussein in extorting billions of dollars per year from the weak sheikdoms in the Persian Gulf---oil industry kick-backs, to supposedly assure security. A little-known Federal lawsuit in Chicago dealt with the secret partner of Saddam Hussein, namely George Herbert Walker Bush. I and my associates were the only journalists attending the federal appeals court hearing. I later did an exclusive group of interviews with the participants, confirming that Bush and Saddam were private business partners in extortion of the sheikdoms. Only one populist paper dared publish the details in 1991 of my interviews on the federal case.
 
In a typical sort of falling out of business partners, Bush suckered Saddam Hussein into seizing a portion of Kuwait long challenged by Saddam as being a Iraqi province and part of Saddam's oilfields. Bush used a top U.S. official to mislead Saddam into thinking the U.S. would not intervene in this local quarrel with the former British colony. Bush was the one, on behalf of U.S. oil drilling interests, that helped develop the Kuwaiti oilfields, following the 1961 relinquishing of British sovereignty. In its simplest form, the 1990-91, Persian Gulf conflict was a falling out of private business partners.
 
The result of this treachery? Great loss of life of ordinary soldiers. Upwards of 150 thousand young Iraqis died in the conflict, some buried alive by U.S. war bulldozers. President Bush ordered U.S. warplanes [were pilots desensitized via mind control] to shoot in the back, the retreating Iraqi soldiers proceeding under a white flag of surrender. It was the most horrendous murder of surrendering troops in world history. The German massacre of some 80 U.S. troops surrendering in World War 2 during the Battle of the Bulge, was a small matter by comparison. [Our public access Cable TV Program in 1991 was about the only TV Show in America that dared discuss this matter.]

 
Following the Persian Gulf War, some 15,000 U.S. troops died from the mysterious malady, called Gulf War Syndrome [are bioweapons a Bush family investment and the prevention of bioweapon deterence a special interest?] , which the Pentagon denies is happening. Ex-GIs continue to die from the strange ailments, and the total deaths and debilitating diseases amount to more than 20 per cent as casualties of all the Americans serving in the military in the Persian Gulf 1990-91, more than 100 thousand American soldiers as casualties. "

http://www.sightings.com/politics6/goldbush.htm

Finally, I think that the deterence of bioweapon use can be given a lot more media and research attention that it has.

Philip

(1) An E-mail (I edited out names for now):

"Subject: Re: [anti-govt] Re: Prospects for a Nuclear attack on the US"

excerpt:

"If there are biologic attacks upon the cities, the exit freeways the military will quickly close the exit routes, if the disease is considered contagious. It should be noted that anthrax is not ordinarily transmissible from person to person without gross contamination. Pneumonic plague is transmitted only via inhalation of coughed up sputum droplets, which requires close proximity to the victim. Small pox is extremely transmissible. Ebola is highly contagious, as probably are vee pox, Marburg and Riff valley fevers. Botulin is lethal in drinking water, but is inactivated by chlorine. Ricin contamination of drinking water is even worse and miniscule amounts remain lethal. A gas mask is highly protective from either nerve gas inhalation or biologic agents. A rubberized raincoat or a chemical protective suit will offer some protection from nerve agents such as VX that penetrate the skin. The chemical suit is inactivated by perspiration and lasts only about 4-5 hours."

(2)***From: RUSSBACHER@aol.com Date: Tue, 25 Jan 2000 04:14:12 EST
Subject: Fwd:
Chemtrails Flu / NSA / DARPA/ Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasure To: prh@pw.usda.gov MIME-Version: 1.0 Status: Excerpt from Email to Me from Raye re: Chemtrails Flu / NSA /DARPA/
Unconventional
Pathogen Countermeasure

"National Security Agency (NSA)...

Warfare Chemicals being Tested: The strange-looking streaks in the sky aren't your imagination. They are anti-bacteriological warfare chemicals being tested by the federal government. And the public has been kept in the dark.

The chemical spraying to the "unconventional pathogen countermeasures program" of the top secret Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

NOTES :
(a) Novavax is a bio pharmaceuticals company.

(b) BCTP is made of water, soybean oil, Triton X 100 detergent and the solvent tri-n-butyl phosphate. BCTP envelops VIRUSES and SPORES, causing them to explode and thus destroying them upon contact.

(c) BCTP's research studies were funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). BCTP appears to inactivate the virus on contact." The research is funded by DARPA's"Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures Program"

[GO TO : http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/rd/UPC/index.html ].

The U-M and Novavax have filed a patent application covering BCTP's use as a decontamination agent forvarious anti-microbial applications.

Advanced Biological and Medical Technologies: Biological Warfare Defense Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures

The goal of the Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures program is to develop and demonstrate defensive technologies that afford the greatest protection to uniformed warfighters, and the defense personnel who support them, during U.S. military operations.

While no defense may stop a determined adversary from unleashing biological weapon, a sufficiently robust array of pathogen defenses and countermeasures deterrents in their own right will reduce the probable damage that would result from biological weapons used in a particular operation.

The most sinister offensive biological warfare scenario employs surprise, immediate proximity, and rapidly lethal, persistent agents in overwhelming quantities. Under these circumstances, real-time sensing, donning of physical protection, and conventional nonmedical countermeasures are only marginally effective. An effective operational defense ideally requires instantly available or emplaced countermeasures
that can defeat biological threats as they enter the body and before they reachand attack target cells and tissues.

The focus of the Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures program is the development of revolutionary, broad-spectrum, medical countermeasures against significantly pathogenic microorganisms and/or their pathogenic products. These countermeasures will be versatile enough to eliminate biological threats, whether from natural sources or modified through bioengineering or other manipulation. They will also have the potential to provide protection both within the body and at the most common portals of entry (e.g., inhalation, ingestion, transcutaneous). Strategies include but are not limited to:

(a) Defeat of a pathogen's ability to enter the body, traverse the bloodstream or lymphatics, and enter target tissues.

(b) Identification of novel pathogen vulnerabilities based on fundamental, critical molecular mechanisms or survival or pathogenesis (e.g., Type III secretion, cellular energetics, virulence modulation).

(c) Construction of unique, robust vehicles for the delivery of countermeasures into or within the body.

(d) Modulation of the advantageous and/or deleterious aspects of the immune response to significantly pathogenic microorganisms and/or their pathogenic products in the body."

(3) ***Darpa Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasure [Defenseced Research
Projects Agency]
program:
The University of Michigan News and Information Services NewsRelease 412
Maynard Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109-1399
September 23, 1998 (25) New agent kills influenza virus, prevents infection in mice
FOR RELEASE AT 11:30 a.m., PDT, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1998. EDITORS: An announcement describing BCTP and the material's anti-microbial properties is being released simultaneously by Novavax,
Inc.

http://www.novavax.com/

SAN DIEGO---University of Michigan scientists have tested a new anti-microbial agent and found it to be a quick and efficient killer of influenza A virus in cell cultures and in the nasal passages of laboratory mice.

"These are preliminary, small-scale studies, but the results indicate this material called BCTP shows promise as a new weapon against the influenza A virus," says James R. Baker Jr., M.D., professor of internal medicine and director of the Center for Biologic Nanotechnology:

http://www.med.umich.edu/intmed/allergy/biobaker.htm http://www.med.umich.edu/intmed/allergy/nano.htm

in the U-M Medical School. "Its main advantages are its rapid killing action, lack of specificity and the fact that it is non-toxic to skin and mucous membranes."

A milky-white emulsion of tiny lipid droplets suspended in solvent, BCTP was developed by D. Craig Wright, M.D., chief esearch scientist at Novavax, Inc., and president of Novavax Biologics Division. Novavax is a bio-pharmaceutical company located in Columbia, Md. According to Wright, the material is made of water, soybean oil, Triton X 100 detergent and thesolvent tri-n-butyl phosphate.

In presentations at the Interscience Conference on AntimicrobialAgents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) on Sept. 26, U-M research associates Andrzej Myc and Jon D. Reuter presented results of preliminary studies evaluating BCTP's effect on influenza A. Both research studies were funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and directed by Baker.

Myc's study used Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells, used by researchers to evaluate the toxic effects of viruses. Myc incubated MDCK cells with influenza A virus and five different formulations of Novavax lipid structures. Using two different assay techniques, Myc then measured the number of cells infected with the virus. While all five formulations slowed the spread of the virus, BCTP was the most potent, reducing viral antigen levels by 99.6 percent.

In Reuter's study, different liquids were inserted into the nasal passages of four groups of laboratory mice. Control mice in Group 1 were given ordinary saltwater. Group 2 received BCTP alone. Group 3 received live influenza A virus and Group 4 was given a mixture of influenza A and BCTP. Groups 1, 2 and 4 stayed healthy, while all the mice in Group 3 developed severe pneumonia and two out of three mice died before the conclusion of the study.

"We learned several important things from these preliminary studies. The first is that BCTP is a highly effective killing agent for the influenza virus both at the cellular level and in living animals. Equally important is that BCTP had no toxic effects on nasal or lung membranes," Baker says. "We've shown that if we treat the virus with BCTP as it enters the nasal passages, we can prevent infection in mice. The next step is to see whether we can administer BCTP and the virus separately and still prevent infection. And the final step, of course, is to see whether it works as well in people as it does in mice."

While influenza vaccines are relatively effective at preventing the flu, Baker says there is a need for alternate preventive agents. "Influenza vaccines are expensive, they only are effective against a few viral strains each year and it takes time for immunity to develop. BCTP appears to inactivate the virus on contact."

The research is funded by DARPA's Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures Program.

http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/rd/UPC/index.html (404, not found)

The U-M and Novavax have filed a patent application covering BCTP's use as a decontamination agent for various anti-microbial applications. Baker is a member of the Novavax scientificvisory board, but has no significant financial interest in the
company."

(4) "New Tools for Battling Microbes"
"Lobbing Nanobombs at Pathogens"
Science
http://wwwsciencemag.org
11 June 1999 Vol. 284: 1754

"What do you do to an F-16 that's been contaminated by Anthrax?" goes an old military joke. Answer: Crash land it on the enemy because the severe measures for cleaning up the killer bacterium - and popular bioweapon - would turn the plane into an oversized paperweight. Today, the only practical methods to destroy anthrax spores are to incinerate them or to blast them with bleach and formaldehyde. Neither approach leaves an airplane's electronics - or contaminated personnel in working condition.

A more gentle solution may be a unique emulsion of oil, water and two common laboratory detergents that form nanometer-sized droplets capable of fusing with and destroying not only tiny anthrax spores but also other gram-postive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and most viruses. "We've basically created nanometer-sized bombs that attach themselves to and blow up most pathogens known to man," says James R. Baker Jr., an immunologist and director of the Center for Biologic Nanotechnology at the University of Michigan. Influenza and Ebola - one of the most lethal known viruses are dead within minutes after being doused with the mixture.

Experts say the emulsions could become a valuable addition to a growing arsenal of antimicrobial substances, including classes of peptides such as defensins and magainins, that kill by rupturing cell membranes. Trial and error led Baker's team to two formulations that demonstrate potent antimicrobial action. An emulsion including the detergents and tributyl phosphate took out gram-postive bacteria and the vast majority of viruses sheathed in protein envelopes. (Naked RNA viruses are not susceptible because they have no membrane for the emulsion to disrupt.) A second preparation killed different spectrum of bugs: gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Combining the armaments yielded a killing machine. Exposing a variety of fungi, bacteria, and enveloped viruses to a 1000 fold dilution of the double-barreled emulsion for 15 minutes annihilated theife-forms, the researches concluded from the absence of colonies in suitable growth media.

To Baker's initial surprise, the emulsions proved effective against bacterial spores - a form of suspended animation in which the bacteria produce a hard protective coat - which tend to tend to resist all but the harshest chemicals. "It appears that the oil acts as a nutrient that tricks the spores to start producing a cell membrane, a process that the emulsions disrupt quite easily," said Baker. In one experiment, he and his colleagues infected skin wounds on mice with spores of Bacillus cereus, a cause of food poisoning and severe infections. One hour later, the wounds were rinsed with either a 10% solution of the emulsions or with salt water. The wounds in the treated mice healed, while those in the control animals festered.

Sperm and red blood cells are the only animal cells that Baker's team has found to be suseptible to the emulsions. Other cells are studded with carbohydrates that appear to somehow prevent the emulsion droplets from fusing to the cell membranes. This gentleness is a nice surprise considering that membrane-disrupting antimicrobial peptides have shown unexpected toxicity in animal tissues says microbiologist Jill Adler Moore, Director of the Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology at California State University in Ponoma. The bottom line is that the emulsion mixture is a drug candidate mainly for external uses, such as for treating skin ulcers.

This expectation will soon be put to the test. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland is planning a clinical trial to see if the emulsions will work as a vaginal contraceptive cream that wards offsexually-transmitted diseases. And the US military intends to try to detoxify contaminted equipment by hosing it down with the emulsions, a procedure that could save expensive equipment from becoming expensive scrap - or paperweights."

(5) Subject: Bush and GWS
Date: Thu, 10 Feb 2000 05:30:57 -0700
From: Henika <zowie@mail.telis.net>
To: prh@pw.usda.gov

Article 26 of 37

Subject: Gulf War Sickness
From: poopy-kitty@worldnet.att.net
Date: 1997/01/24
Message-Id: <32E964C0.486@worldnet.att.net> Organization: AT&T WorldNet Services
Newsgroups: alt.conspiracy
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.01E (Win95; U)

excerpt:

"The biological warfare laboratories and biological weapons facilities of America, Russia, Iraq, Libya, Israel, China, North Korea, etc. are about to (or have already) unleash a holocaust on mankind which will be unprecedented in human history. Indeed the genie is out of the bottle -- Pandora's box has been opened! The legacy of George Bush's Desert Storm War and the biologicals his administration sold to our enemy, Iraq, could change the history of America and indeed the whole world as we know it."

excerpt:

"[ED. NOTE: These are only the unclassified biological agents sold by the U.S. to Saddam with blessing of the Commerce Dept. There were more, which are classified, and are still kept secret! (See Riegle Report regarding the U.S. sale of Anthrax and Clostridium Botulinum to Iraq)]"

"[ED.NOTE: Senator Riegle abruptly retired from the Senate in 1994 and unfortunately, his Republican successor Alan Simpson (R-WY) has put the issue on the back burner. The Republicans cannot be expected to pursue the issue since Republican leaders such as George Bush and James Baker III were up to their eyeballs in the illegal biological sales. Repeat: The Republican leadership engineered these illegal sales. Both Bush and Baker are believed to have financial interests in one or more of the U.S. companies who made and sold the biologicals to Saddam. This Iraq/Germgate scandal could be 100 times bigger than the Whitewater scandal. Is this why the Republican leadership has refused to push White- water-gate to its conclusion - because they have a far larger scandal involving criminal activities on the part of top Republicans
having over their own heads? Is this why the Dept. of Defense is covering up the use of biologicals against U.S. troops in Desert Storm and stonewalling the thousands of sick and dying vets? It is noteworthy that most of the Congressmen and Senators who have spoken out against the U.S. biologicals sales and the government coverup of GWI to date are Democrats - Sen. Don Riegle (D-MI); Sen. Jay Rockefeller (D-WV); Sen Richard Shelby (D-AL); Rep. Patricia Schroeder (D-CO); Rep. Glen Browder (D-AL); and Rep. Lane Evans (D-IL). Three Republican Congressmen who have taken an interest in Gulf War Illness and Dept. of Defense cover-up are: Rep. Christopher Shays (R-CT); Rep. J. C. Watts (R-OK); and Rep. Bernie Sanders (Ind.- VT). All of these Democrat and Republican legislators should be strongly encouraged to pursue this issue with a vengeance]."

excerpt:

"Dr. Garth Nicolson has said: "When we looked at the history of the mycoplasma research, we found evidence that the military (i.e., the U.S. Army) had funded the mycoplasma vaccine testing in the Huntsville Texas Prison well before the Gulf War. This testing has been done by a bio-tech firm in Houston - Tanox Biosystems."

"[ED. NOTE: The Nicolsons believe Tanox Biosystems is partly owned by James Baker III (George Bush's former Secretary of State) and a major force in the Reagan and Bush Administrations). Tanox Biosystems is one of the firms listed in the Gulf War Veterans class action lawsuit. Tanox Biosystems, according to the Nicolsons, works very closely with Baylor College of Medicine which has been doing intensive research on mycoplasmas since at least the mid-80's]."

excerpt:

"With the help of their intelligence sources, the Nicolsons concluded that the biological weapons were being studied by Tanox Biosystems of Stella Link (in Houston), a company with close ties to Baylor, that it was tested on inmates at the Walls Unit in Huntsville; and that it was sold to Saddam Hussein. Books were burned and records were destroyed in Huntsville. A massive cover-up was underway, in part because George Bush and Jim Baker were Tanox investors. Thereafter, Garth Nicolson devoted a lab in his department to mycoplasma research. As they began studying the microorganisms, the espionage community began studying us, the Nicolsons say. Faxes and letters were intercepted, and the phone company said they'd never seen so many taps on a phone, Nancy Nicolson recalls. Nancy Nicolson claims to have endured a number of attempts on her life... Garth Nicolson believes Baker and Bush are friends with M.D. Anderson president Charles LeMaistre and pressured him to interfere with their work."

excerpt:

"6. Perhaps the Most Important Reason For the Cover-Up is That Big and Powerful People are Being Protected by the Dept. of Defense and the Veterans Administration - - people who greatly profited personally from the arms and biologicals trade with Saddam, people in the upper echelons of the Republican and, to a lesser extent, Democrat Parties - - people like ex-President George Bush, ex-Secretary of State James Baker III, and Baker's former Under Secretary of Defense and now Clinton's Director of the CIA, John Deutch.

There is a growing evidence that all three of these individuals had a financial stake in the companies producing and selling the biologicals to Saddam. This should be the subject of an intensive Congressional investigation, and if found true, all three should be indicted for illegal activities including violation of the Trading With the Enemy Act."

(6) Note: no mention here of bioweapon deterence with emulsions ---

Subject: US Biological Attack Said Inevitable Date: Sat, 05 Feb 2000 09:55:29 -0500
From: New Millennium <hblondel@tampabay.rr.com> To: Newmill <hblondel@tampabay.rr.com>

US Biological Attack Said Inevitable

Associated Press
Feb. 5, 2000; 5:20 a.m. EST

SAN DIEGO ˆˆ The United States is not prepared for an attack by terrorists using the smallpox or anthrax viruses, which is likely to happen within the next decade, experts say.

"This is not the stuff of science fiction," said Margaret Hamburg, a bioterrorism expert with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. "This is a very real threat and there is a real urgency that we address it."

Hamburg spoke Friday at a conference where more than 300 physicians, scientists, public officials and law enforcement agents have gathered to discuss strategies for dealing with a potential biological attack. The two-day conference ends today.

"We are a long way away from being even modestly prepared," said D.A. Henderson, director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies. "But we're doing a lot more now than we did 12 months, or even 6 months ago."

He said the question is not if an attack will occur, but when.

"We're likely to see an attack within the next five to 10 years," said Henderson, a leader in the effort to eradicate smallpox.

He now is mobilizing health workers against bioterrorism, the release of deadly bacteria, viruses or products of those agents.

Those that pose the greatest threat are smallpox, anthrax and plague because they have the potential to spread quickly and cause large numbers of deaths.

Henderson said Russia, North Korea and Iraq are suspected of stockpiling biological weapons.

Fringe groups, meanwhile, have already threatened attacks. In 1995, a Japanese doomsday cult tried and failed to release botulism toxin, anthrax and to acquire the deadly Ebola virus from Zaire, Henderson said. The cult later succeeded in releasing the nerve gas sarin in a Tokyo subway, killing 12 people.

Policy-makers know how to respond to chemical spills and nuclear plant leaks, but those hazardous material plans won't work for a bioterrorist attack, Henderson said.

"With a virus, signs aren't apparent for days or weeks," Henderson said. "The flu-like symptoms may get misdiagnosed until the disease reaches an epidemic level."

Hamburg urged people not to panic, saying the federal government has allocated millions of dollars to help states prepare for bioterrorism.

The government also is committed to building a national stockpile of vaccines, antibiotics and treatments that communities can access quickly, Hamburg said.

The United States hasn't vaccinated against smallpox since the 1970s, and there's currently only enough vaccine left for 7.5 million people and no factories to make more, Henderson said. The development of an anthrax vaccine available to the public is another 5 years away, he said.