A post submitted by CGI member ScienceTruth.
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The Winnemucca Institute for Advanced Studies Presents:
Electricity in Space ! Part II
Part II is a once-a-week continuing 9 part Series of comparative photos, today Series #1.
In this Photo Series on Stellar Glow Mode Z-Pinch Nebulae (objects formerly known as Planetary Nebulae), in which the Field forces in the Stellar surrounding volume work to shape the plasma and other materials into the various cone, bubble, and other shapes that reveal what 'Fields' are present and active, and show how they react with 'Matter' to form their observed shapes, we get to marvel at the Beauty which Nature blesses us to observe.
28 different SGZs in 9 Series of Photos to Illustrate the Juxtaposition of Structures, Views, Shapes and Spectrum.
#1. The Z-Pinch Series - IC 4406, NGC 2346, NGC 6302, M2-9, Mz-3, MyCn18, He3-401, He2-104, MWC 922.
These best show the power of the Z-Pinch in action, and its varying strengths of constriction. The nine photos are arranged in an order to show a progression, from almost no pinch at all, to a very serious maximum pinch !!
Z-Pinch experiment glass tube
Garage experiment Z-Pinch on a soda can
(if SGZ photos are too 'wide' please use the 'link' to view them in a new 'window', (Part I was last Saturday if you missed it.))
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IC 4406 - almost no Pinch ! though it is just discernible to beginning.
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NGC 2346
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/ngc2346_heritage.jpg
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap011028.html
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NGC 6302 the Chakram structure looks to be present here.
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/NGC_6302_butterfly_hst.jpg
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090910.html
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M2-9
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/M2-9_HiDef_Judy_Schmidt.jpg
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230416.html
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Mz-3 This photo does not show the Chakram structure, unfortunately.
Mz 3 (Menzel 3) is a young bipolar SGZ in the constellation Norma that is composed of : a bright core with four distinct attending structures that have been named ; lobes, columns, rays, and a Chakram. These nebulosities are described as : two spherical bipolar lobes, two outer large filamentary hour-glass shaped columns, two cone shaped rays, and a planar radially expanding, elliptically shaped and orthogonally oriented 'Chakram'.
Mz 3 is often referred to as the Ant Nebula because it resembles the head and thorax of a garden-variety ant.
Chakram : Of the morphological features of Mz 3, one of the most unusual and odd is the Chakram (first noticed in 2004), a faint, large, limb brightened ellipse that appears to have its center on the SGZ's central object. While the plane of the ellipse is oriented orthogonally near the 3 other feature's shared reflection symmetry plane at the central object, it is definitely offset. The Chakram structure's kinematics are the only ones known among studied SGZs, while unlike the other 3 structures, there is no increase in velocity as the radial offset from the central object increases. Consequently, this must not be a simple equatorial outflow, despite the fact that its motion appears to be strictly radial (that is, there is no indication of 'rotation', which would suggest that this feature is dynamically stable). All the kinematic properties of the Chakram ellipse are symmetric and very ordered, relative to the central object, which is consistent with all the other Mz 3 features. Therefore, the Chakram ellipse must be historically linked to the evolution of the central object. Yet, the slight 'curving' nature of the Chakram indicates there are additional 'forces' at play ! [2]
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/Mz-3.jpg
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100425.html
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MyCn18
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/MyCn18.gif
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110807.html
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He3-401
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/Henize_3-401__HST_.jpg
(no APOD.NASA.gov photo)
https://yandex.com/images/search?pos=0&img_url=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F6%2F6a%2FHenize_3-401_%2528HST%2529.jpg%2F960px-Henize_3-401_%2528HST%2529.jpg&text=Planetary+Nebula+He3-401&rpt=simage&lr=86
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He2-104
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/he2-104_hst.jpg
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap990831.html
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MWC 922 a Maximum Pinch structure !!
http://cgi.rumormillnews.com/pix0/redsquare_tuthill_960.jpg
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap121216.html
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For a better understanding of how these SGZ space objects are Titled and Catalogued,
here are their ID expansions / clarifications.
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NGC - New General Catalogue
IC - Index Catalogue
The New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (abbreviated NGC) is an astronomical catalogue of deep-sky objects compiled by John Louis Emil Dreyer in 1888. The NGC contains 7,840 objects, including galaxies, star clusters and emission nebulae.
Dreyer published two supplements to the NGC in 1895 and 1908, known as the Index Catalogues (abbreviated IC), describing a further 5,386 astronomical objects. Thousands of these objects are best known by their NGC or IC numbers, which remain in widespread use today. [1]
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M - Charles Messier
The Messier Catalogue objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters (Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des Amas d'Étoiles). Because Messier was interested only in finding comets, he created a list of those non-comet objects that frustrated his hunt for them. This list, which Messier created in collaboration with his assistant Pierre Méchain, is now known as the Messier Catalogue. The Messier Catalogue is one of the most famous lists of astronomical objects, and many objects in the list are still referenced by their Messier numbers. The catalogue includes most of the astronomical deep-sky objects that can be easily observed from Earth's Northern Hemisphere; many Messier objects are still popular targets for amateur astronomers.
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M 2-9 - Rudolph Minkowski
Rudolph Minkowski (born Rudolf Leo Bernhard Minkowski May 28, 1895 – January 4, 1976) was a German-American astronomer. Minkowski was the son of Marie Johanna Siegel and physiologist Oskar Minkowski. His uncle was Hermann Minkowski, a mathematician and one of Einstein's teachers in Zürich. Rudolph studied supernovae and, together with Walter Baade, divided them into two classes, Type I and Type II, based on their spectral characteristics. He and Baade also found optical counterparts to various radio sources.
In the 1940's he created a catalog of nearly 200 planetary nebulae, which include Minkowski 2-9, or M2-9, and a dwarf galaxy near NGC 541, known as Minkowski's object, both are named after him.
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Mz - Donald Howard Menzel
Mz 3 was discovered by Donald Howard Menzel in 1922.
Donald Howard Menzel (April 11, 1901 – December 14, 1976) was one of the first theoretical astronomers and astrophysicists in the United States. He discovered the physical properties of the solar chromosphere, the chemistry of stars, the atmosphere of Mars, and the nature of gaseous nebulae. [2]
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My Cn - Mayall Cannon
MyCn18 was discovered by Annie Jump Cannon and Margaret W. Mayall = MyCn
during their work on an extended Henry Draper Catalogue (the catalogue was built between 1918 and 1924).
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He - Henize
Karl Gordon Henize (October 17, 1926 – October 5, 1993)
In 1956, Henize published the Catalogues of Hα-Emission Stars and Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds. The Paper references many objects which bear his name, such as the Superbubble Henize 70 and the planetary nebula Henize 3–401. He discovered over 2,000 stars. In total, he published 75 Papers.
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MWC - the Mount Wilson Catalog
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References :
1. https://grokipedia.com/page/List_of_astronomical_catalogues
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Howard_Menzel
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An Extra Credit Section :
Clarifying ; The use of Fluid Dynamics as used by Mainstream to 'decode' the Astrophysical Plasma Structures in SGZ's is a 'mistake', as these Structures are a result of Electric Field and Magnetic Field effects on the Plasmas, which is NOT the Same as the Fluid Dynamics of Kinetic actions.
Big Difference in Origins, the Field forces involved, and the interaction dynamics; despite some visual similarities !!!
Yes, we need 'new maths' to apply to SGZ's and their plasma structures in space !!!
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Kinetic Fluid Dynamics Phenomena Structural Maths :
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Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
The Rayleigh–Taylor instability, or RT instability (after Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor), is an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities, which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. Examples include the behavior of water suspended above oil in the gravity of Earth, mushroom clouds like those from volcanic eruptions and atmospheric nuclear explosions, supernova explosions in which expanding core gas is accelerated into a denser surrounding shell gas, the merging of binary quantum fluids in a metastable configuration, the instabilities in plasma fusion reactors and inertial confinement fusion experiments.
RT instability 'fingers' are evident in the Crab Nebula periphery tendrils.
As the RT instability develops, the initial perturbations progress from a linear growth phase into a non-linear growth phase, eventually developing "plumes" flowing upwards (in the gravitational buoyancy sense) and "spikes" falling downwards. In the linear phase, the fluid movement can be 'closely approximated' by linear equations, while the amplitude of perturbations is growing exponentially with time. In the non-linear phase, perturbation amplitude is too large for a linear approximation, and non-linear equations are required to describe fluid motions. In general, the density disparity between the fluids determines the structure of the subsequent non-linear RT instability flows (assuming other variables such as surface tension and viscosity are negligible here). The difference in the fluid densities divided by their sum is defined as the Atwood number, A. For A close to 0, RT instability flows take the form of symmetric "fingers" of fluid; for A close to 1, the much lighter fluid "below" the heavier fluid takes the form of larger bubble-like plumes. [1]
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Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability
On planet Saturn !
The existence of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability was first discovered by German physiologist and physicist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1868. Helmholtz identified that "every perfect geometrically sharp edge, by which a fluid flows, must tear it asunder and establish a surface of separation". Following that work, in 1871, collaborator William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), developed a mathematical solution of linear instability whilst attempting to model the formation of ocean wind waves.
Throughout the early 20th Century, the ideas of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities were applied to a range of stratified fluid applications. In the early 1920s, Lewis Fry Richardson developed the concept that such 'shear instability' would only form where 'shear' overcame 'static stability' due to stratification, thus encapsulated in the Richardson Number.
Geophysical observations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability were made through the late 1960s / early 1970s, for clouds, and later the ocean. [2]
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Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability
R. D. Richtmyer provided a theoretical prediction, and E. E. Meshkov provided experimental verification. Materials in the cores of stars, like Cobalt-56 from Supernova 1987A were observed earlier than expected. This was possible evidence of mixing due to Richtmyer–Meshkov and Rayleigh–Taylor Instabilities.
The Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability (RMI) occurs when two fluids of different density are impulsively accelerated. Normally this is by the passage of a shock wave. The development of the instability begins with small amplitude perturbations which initially grow linearly with time. This is followed by a nonlinear regime with bubbles appearing in the case of a light fluid penetrating a heavy fluid, and with spikes appearing in the case of a heavy fluid penetrating a light fluid. A chaotic regime is eventually reached and the two fluids mix.
This instability can be considered the impulsive-acceleration limit of the Rayleigh–Taylor Instability.
During the implosion of an inertial confinement fusion target, the hot shell material surrounding the cold D–T fuel layer is shock-accelerated. This instability is also seen in magnetized target fusion (MTF). Mixing of the shell material and fuel is not desired and efforts are made to minimize any tiny imperfections or irregularities which will be magnified by RMI.
Supersonic combustion in a scramjet aircraft may benefit from RMI as the fuel-oxidants interface is enhanced by the breakup of the fuel into finer droplets. Also in studies of Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) processes show that RMI-induced flame acceleration can result in detonation. [3]
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Coandă effect
The Coandă effect is the tendency of a 'fluid jet' to attach and stay attached to a nearby surface it is passing by. Merriam-Webster describes it as "the tendency of a jet of fluid emerging from an orifice to follow an adjacent flat or curved surface and to entrain its fluid from the nearby surroundings so that a region of lower pressure develops."
It is named after Romanian inventor Henri Coandă, who was the first to recognize the practical application of the phenomenon in aircraft design around 1910 to enhance 'lift'. It was first documented explicitly in two patents issued in 1936. [4]
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Karman Vortex Street
In fluid dynamics, a Kármán Vortex Street (or a von Kármán vortex street) is a repeating pattern of swirling vortices, caused by a process known as Vortex Shedding, which is responsible for the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid going around blunt objects.
It is named after the engineer and fluid dynamicist Theodore von Kármán, and is responsible for such phenomena as the "singing" of suspended telephone or power lines, and the vibration of a car antenna at certain speeds.
Mathematical modeling of a von Kármán Vortex Street can be performed using different techniques, including but not limited to : solving the full Navier-Stokes equations with k-epsilon, SST, k-omega and Reynolds stress, and large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models, by numerically solving some dynamic equations such as the Ginzburg–Landau equation, or by use of a bicomplex variable. [5]
"Kármán Vortex Street caused by wind flowing around the Juan Fernández Islands off the Chilean coast."
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References :
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh%E2%80%93Taylor_instability
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz_instability
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richtmyer%E2%80%93Meshkov_instability
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coand%C4%83_effect
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street
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Conclusion Addendum Explanation
There Is Electricity in Space ! ( and make no mistake about it !! )
But it must have Matter Present for its Transmissibility !! and this 'fact' is extremely important !!!
[ Which is likely why Mainstream in decades past declared "There is no electricity in space.", because Mainstream had no idea of just how much 'matter' is really "out there" in space !! they mistakenly thought space was a veritable vacuum !! but it surely isn't a vacuum !! it is full of all kinds of 'particles' of matter, tho to be fair, the matter in space does tend to congregate in 'bunches' and 'clusters' which does leave vast areas fairly devoid of matter, so again to be fair, Mainstream was partly correct !! but, Mainstream does need to 'pay attention' to new data !!! So They are not without fault !! , 'nuf said for now ! ]
Re: the SGZ photos
[ In the past I 'saved' the biggest file I could find, so that when printed for framing and hanging on the wall or displayed on a low cost easel as folks walked into my Presentation location area, it would have the best 'resolution of detail' possible. Unfortunately now, APOD does not provide a 'link' to the 'maker of the photo', whereas before that link provided for a choice of several different sizes of files for the photo that you could save !! Thus, many of my photos now are too big in dimension for RMN, but hopefully will remain on the CGI site !!! And it was quite a search for the smaller file sizes as well ! In the event this posting is moved over to the RMN site, I will provide the CGI 'up link' below each photo now, so as to view that photo in its entire glory on a new page !! So, please do 'save' the photos, and put them back into this posting on a 'page' of your OS's choice of how that's done to 'save' it !! I guarantee this will be of great interest and Beauty !!! in years to come. ]
"The Dynamical Forces in the Astrophysical Plasmas surrounding the Central Object in Stellar Glow-Mode Z-Pinch Nebulae (SGZ), and in their adjacent Interstellar Medium (ISM),
as caused and shaped by Electricity in Space, and the subsequent attendant collateral dynamic, that of Magnetic Fields"
