https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/20/biden-pardons-fauci-milley-jan-6-committee-00199244

" The Justice Department has long construed acceptance of pardons as an admission of guilt, even though it's legally disputed. Prosecutors recently warned that Jan. 6 defendants who accept pardons from Trump would similarly be admitting guilt, and some of them have signaled their intent to turn down clemency to continue fighting their convictions.

Traditionally, most pardons and commutations extended to specific individuals have been requested by the recipients, who are often asked to agree to various conditions as part of the clemency. But presidents have also announced broad amnesties that effectively eliminated the threat of federal prosecution for a large group.

Presidents lack the power to pardon state-law offenses, so the clemency granted by Biden Monday will only extend to allegations of federal crimes.

Importantly, those who receive Biden’s clemency will actually be more vulnerable to being compelled to testify to Congress if Republican lawmakers demand depositions. That’s because by removing the potential criminal threat, Biden would also take away their ability to assert Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination that many Trump allies exercised to avoid providing substantive testimony to the Jan. 6 committee.

“Implication is that they needed the pardons… So, let’s call them all before Congress and demand the truth,” said Rep. Chip Roy (R-Texas) on X. “If they refuse or lie - let’s test the constitutional ‘reach’ of these pardons with regard to their future actions.”

Biden’s pardons to the Jan. 6 committee come just hours before Trump is expected to announce his own wave of clemency for many of those who formed the mob that attacked the Capitol in his name four years earlier, a remarkable bookend to the Biden presidency and the start of Trump’s...."

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