Dear RM Agents and Readers,

Those holding to the old ways of thinking in regards to Lyme and Morgellons are quickly becoming obsolete. May they quickly sink into the land of yesterday with the laughter and cruelty they put on others now upon them.

Or perhaps we should have forgiveness for them that they might suddenly see the misstep of their ways and we may all rise up together above the silliness of the past. Kindness and Love might just push us forward into a place of plenty rather than the pasts thought of not enough.

Lets get real and start helping to heal the world.

Great paper and great step for so many:)

Many Blessings,
CrystalRiver
------------------------------------
http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/6/2/33

ealthcare 2018, 6(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6020033

Persistent Borrelia Infection in Patients with Ongoing Symptoms of Lyme Disease
Marianne J. Middelveen 1, Eva Sapi 2OrcID, Jennie Burke 3, Katherine R. Filush 2, Agustin Franco 4, Melissa C. Fesler 5 and Raphael B. Stricker 5,* OrcID
1
Atkins Veterinary Services, Calgary, AB T3B 4C9, Canada
2
Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
3
Australian Biologics, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
4
School of Health Sciences, Universidad Catolica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
5
Union Square Medical Associates, 450 Sutter Street, Suite 1504, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 7 March 2018 / Revised: 27 March 2018 / Accepted: 11 April 2018 / Published: 14 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lyme Disease: The Role of Big Data, Companion Diagnostics and Precision Medicine)
View Full-Text | Download PDF [8431 KB, uploaded 3 May 2018] | Browse Figure
Abstract
Introduction: Lyme disease is a tickborne illness that generates controversy among medical providers and researchers. One of the key topics of debate is the existence of persistent infection with the Lyme spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in patients who have been treated with recommended doses of antibiotics yet remain symptomatic. Persistent spirochetal infection despite antibiotic therapy has recently been demonstrated in non-human primates. We present evidence of persistent Borrelia infection despite antibiotic therapy in patients with ongoing Lyme disease symptoms. Methods: In this pilot study, culture of body fluids and tissues was performed in a randomly selected group of 12 patients with persistent Lyme disease symptoms who had been treated or who were being treated with antibiotics. Cultures were also performed on a group of ten control subjects without Lyme disease. The cultures were subjected to corroborative microscopic, histopathological and molecular testing for Borrelia organisms in four independent laboratories in a blinded manner. Results: Motile spirochetes identified histopathologically as Borrelia were detected in culture specimens, and these spirochetes were genetically identified as Borrelia burgdorferi by three distinct polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches. Spirochetes identified as Borrelia burgdorferi were cultured from the blood of seven subjects, from the genital secretions of ten subjects, and from a skin lesion of one subject. Cultures from control subjects without Lyme disease were negative for Borrelia using these methods. Conclusions: Using multiple corroborative detection methods, we showed that patients with persistent Lyme disease symptoms may have ongoing spirochetal infection despite antibiotic treatment, similar to findings in non-human primates. The optimal treatment for persistent Borrelia infection remains to be determined. View Full-Text
Keywords: Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; tickborne disease; chronic infection; spirochete culture
▼ Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0).
Supplementary material
Supplementary File 1:
PDF-Document (PDF, 190 KB)

Share & Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style
Middelveen, M.J.; Sapi, E.; Burke, J.; Filush, K.R.; Franco, A.; Fesler, M.C.; Stricker, R.B. Persistent Borrelia Infection in Patients with Ongoing Symptoms of Lyme Disease. Healthcare 2018, 6, 33.

Show more citation formats

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Related Articles
An Enhanced ELISPOT Assay for Sensitive Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi
Jin et. al.; Roen, Diana R.; Lehmann, Paul V.; Kellermann, Gottfried H. et al., Cells
Identification of Additional Anti-Persister Activity against Borrelia burgdorferi from an FDA Drug Library
Jie Feng, Antibiotics
Antimicrobial Activity of Bee Venom and Melittin against Borrelia burgdorferi
Socarras et. al..; Theophilus, Priyanka A. S.; Torres, Jason P.; Gupta, Khusali ; Sapi, Eva et al., Antibiotics
Travelling between Two Worlds: Complement as a Gatekeeper for an Expanded Host Range of Lyme Disease Spirochetes
Kraiczy, Peter et al., Vet Sci
Few Conn. Physicians Treat Chronic Lyme Disease
Nancy Walsh, MedPage Today
447 EFFICACY OF CLARITHROMYCIN/CEFDINIR COMBINATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYME DISEASE
R. B. Stricker et al., J Investig Med
447 EFFICACY OF CLARITHROMYCIN/CEFDINIR COMBINATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYME DISEASE
R. B. Stricker et al., J Investig Med
New compounds have potential to combat Lyme disease
MDLinx

Discovered at: Charles E. Holman Foundation Facebook Page

****************************************************************************